The United State War On Drugs - 1005 Words

The United States government has been wasting millions of dollars each year on a worthless war that cannot be won. This war is explained in detail by author Art Caden in their essay â€Å"Let’s Be Blunt† about the United State war on drugs. The war on drugs began in 1971 under the order of President Richard Nixon, and it was one of the worst decisions he ever made. It has been nothing but a waste of government funding, time, and manpower that can only be described as a dismal failure and should be repealed or at the very least medical marijuana should be made legal. The essay â€Å"Let’s Be Blunt† was written to show the flaws and failure of the war on drugs. I nits intro the essay takes a very pro drug legalization stance Caden states†Ã¢â‚¬ . Early on the author compares the current drug war to prohibition, the banning of alcohol decades ago. Caden compares the current drug related crime to the massive amount of crime that arose during prohibiti on. He claims that the bans on these substances are what cause the crime not the drug themselves. By having drugs do illegal it results in people have to resort to using underground and dangerous methods to obtain them which they clearly are willing to do. Next an argument is presented against the way the government goes about fighting this war. Stating that the government focus its efforts on catching â€Å"Mr. Big† a theoretical mastermind drug dealer responsible for the vast majority if drug sales. However such a person does not exist. FinallyShow MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs And The United States956 Words   |  4 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today that has afflicted in the United States and the United Nations; both are influenced by international drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drugs. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs become the dominat e framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issuesRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1506 Words   |  7 Pages When, in 1971, Richard Nixon infamously declared a â€Å"war on drugs† it would have been nearly impossible for him to predict the collective sense of disapprobation which would come to accompany the now ubiquitous term. It would have been difficult for him to predict that the drug war would become a hot topic, a highly contentious and polarizing point of debate and, it would have difficult for him to predict that the United States would eventually become the prison capital of the world, incarceratingRead MoreDrug Wars : The United States1643 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Wars. When people hear the term â€Å"Drug Wars† they think that the cause of all the Drugs and Violence flowing through into the United States, is all Mexico’s fault, that Mexico is the cause of so many deaths and a War that the United States thinks it’s â€Å"Winning†, but they are not even making a little dent. Interestingly enough, Mexico is not the only cause of this War going o n around the Border, The United States plays a big role around the Drug Wars as well. THE TIES THE U.S. HAS WITH MEXICANRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs has been an ongoing effect ever since the Civil War introduced the drug morphine to the world. In the years since people have been coming up with drugs more lethal than morphine such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and so on and so forth. The War on Drugs is dangerous and leads to many deaths throughout the years. America has set up agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and other drug task force teams throughout the United States. Even though we may not be ableRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today afflicting United States and the United Nations; which are swayed by global drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policy on the war on drug. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs bec omes the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issues focusing primarily onRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today afflicting United States and the United Nations; which are swayed by global drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drug. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs becomes the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issues focusing primarily onRead MoreThe Drug War Of The United States1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe drug war in the U.S. has been waged on civil fronts for over four decades and has not only proven to be not only futile but at times even more damaging to society than the drugs themselves. The once virtuous intent of this ‘war’ has been corrupted by police unions and dirty politicians who have turned it into a carefully crafted system of capitalistic enterprise, designed push their political agenda by perpetuating the myth that drugs are the primary threat to our nation. Zero tolerance lawsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States871 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States crime rates have been on a decline for years, but the United States still has the largest number of people incarcerated in the world. The â€Å"war on drugs† as well as policy’s by the government to be â€Å"tough on crime† has lead to the uprising of corporate prisons, which are known as for-profit prisons, and private prisons. Private prisons have also lead to States, and federal prisons to become worse when it comes to programs to rehabilitate those who are incarcerated, so thatRead MoreUnited States War On Drugs Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesHumanities Independent Research Essay Thompson Lin Block B 10-1 Research Question: To what extent has the United States’ â€Å"War on Drugs† been successful in reducing illicit drug abuse in the country? The â€Å"War on Drugs† is a term generally referred in America to the campaign aiming to reduce drug abuse in the country. The term first appeared in July 18 1971, when former U.S. President Richard Nixon started the campaign. However, on April 9, 2015, President Obama publicly announced that the policyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesFor many years, drugs have been the center of crime and the criminal justice system in the United States. Due to this widespread epidemic, President Richard Nixon declared the â€Å"War on Drugs† in 1971 with a campaign that promoted the prohibition of illicit substances and implemented policies to discourage the overall production, distribution, and consumption. The War on Drugs and the U.S. drug policy has experienced the most significant and complex challenges between criminal law and the values of

Case Study Marketing Mix And Marketing Plan - 2462 Words

Course Journal of ENTR 599.020 Yanliang Liu UMID# 00103354 Consulting is actually problem solving, is building a bridge between A side, problem and B side, solution. This bridge consists of 12 bricks: sell, engage, scope, plan, metrics, research, innovate, decide, manage, communicate, diversity and close. 1. Sell: convince customer to buy 1.1 Marketing: consist of 4 ingredients It is crucial for marketers to consider 4 P’s when coming up with a marketing plan: product, price, promotion and place. These 4 P’s, proposed by E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960, are ingredients of the marketing mix. A product could be a physical good or an intangible service. The product is the core of marketing. Marketers need to provide guidance on the wide and†¦show more content†¦Our client showed us a method of doing market segmentation quickly: asking everyone in the room to speak out the first thing they think of instantly when presenting word â€Å"transportation†, then you can easily get the market segmentation of transportation industry. ï‚Ÿ Apply BCG Matrix to choose product When deciding which product to develop or expand production, BCG Matrix is a useful tool that helps evaluation. In this case, the two factors in BCG Matrix should be growth potential and competition. 1.2 Sales There are few techniques during sales process: ï‚Ÿ Consultative Selling Most people’s first reaction to the sales person is rejection, no matter they need the product or not. A more natural way to approach customers is listening to them rather than forcing them to listen to you. Just ask what problem do they have and listen to customers’ issue and need. Spend time understanding their problems and give some solutions in the end. That would drive customers to your product naturally. ï‚Ÿ Aspirin is more popular than Vitamins Just like many students won’t start writing their homework until one day before the deadline, most people won’t seek for the solution until the problem is causing a headache. Compared to the benefit of a product, pain relieving feature is a sharp spur for buying. Therefore, it’s important to stress that your product is a pain reliever during the sales

Systematic Risk Management Process

Question: Discuss about the Systematic Risk Management Process. Answer: Introduction This particular report depicts the importance of adapting systematic project management approaches to mitigate the in-house plastic molding related issues that have been occurred in Omar Jibran engineering industry. In order to develop the project plan for this organization, the context of the project, a critical literature review on the risks of theautomotive industry are demonstrated in this report. From the previous studies made on in-house mold manufacturing, it has been found that, many risks are associated to this project. The report illustrates the type of the project, the processes of risk identification maintained, risk analysis and its evaluation capability. Omar Jibran engineering industry faces many issues while developing their organizational projects. However, this report is specified for only the In-house mold manufacturing project planning approach and not for all other projects that are preparing by the developers for this organization. Based on the type of risks, re quired analytical and risk management tools and processes are also recommended in this report. Organizational context In the automotive industry of Pakistan, Omar Jibran engineering company is found to be one of the foremost Injections Molded Plastic component vendors. After analyzing the internal factors of Omar Jibran engineering industry, it is found that, for sustainable growth of the business organization, in-house mold manufacturing process is required to be well facilitated. The production facility served by the organization is well designed and equipped as well. For the supply of molds and different tools that are required in production of in-house mold, the organization is dependent on other foreign companies in a large scale. The current manufacturing process is not efficient but after developing an in-house mold manufacturing plant both the cost and time will be reduced. After conducting this project the range of production and business opportunities will also be expanded at a large scale. In the initial project planning phase, a feasibility study has been conducted by the project developer, which implies that 10 million of US dollar is needed for the project completion of the project on in-house mold manufacturing. Moreover, for project planning and its successful implementation in Omar Jibran engineering, around 25 team members are required. The risk of the project, its proper identification, analysis and evaluation are conducted in this report. Literature review Omar Jibran engineering industry conducts many projects for their organizational development but after analyzing the internal factors of the business organization it has been found that, in-house mold manufacturing is one of the most essential projects that are required to be undertaken. Many issues are identified by Omar Jibran engineering, during accomplishment of its in-house mold manufacturing project. Due to lack of availability of suitable as well as qualified local workforce, the company is facing challenge in the competitive market. In order to overcome this challenge the company has scheduled advanced training and development program for their project team members. In order to identify and analyze other risks of in-house mold manufacturing previous studies on the similar subject is conducted efficiently. Annotated bibliography Malhotra, (2014) stated that risk management is referred to as a systematic approach that is used by different business organizations to identify, analysis and evaluate that risks to increase its brand value and market revenue. The literature review section of this report will elaborate the findings of different scholarly articles regarding systematic risk management approach. Risk identification Resource 2.1.1: Tan, M., Adem, A. and Da?deviren, M., 2016, December. Using the analytic hierarchy process (ahp) for supply chain risk management (scrm): a case study in automotive sector. Inlm-scm 2016 xiv International logistics and supply chain congress(p. 191) Discussion: This paper illustrated the analytic hierarchy process that is used for the supply chain risk management. This case study is about an automated sector where Systematic Risk Management is very important to handle difficult situation. Three major fields of risks are identified in this paper. These are material flow risk, financial flow risk, information flow risk etc. Not only this but also in this case, a valuable contrast has done, that is entirely focused on different global risk values. The linguistics scales and their intensity are also measured in this paper. In order to solve complex decision making approaches, the AHP model has been implemented to identify different risks. The aim of the model is to minimize the rate of risks by integrating supply chain with the business process. For analyzing the risks of in-house mold manufacturing process, two measures such as quantitative and qualitative analysis are undertaken by the project development teams. The global risk of supply chain, the weight values of the risk issues are clearly elaborated in this paper. However, it fails to find the inter-dependency of the risk fields. Resource 2.1.2: Babu, M.P. Sastry, S.H. 2014, June. Big data and predictive analytics in ERP systems for automating decision making process. InSoftware Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), 2014 5th IEEE International Conference on(pp. 259-262). IEEE Discussion This paper focuses on the risk identification process of big data predictive analytics in the ERP system for automating decision making approaches. The inflexibility of the ERP systems are managed y identifying appropriate risks is also elaborated. In order to adapt the changes accordingly, to make the organizational system more flexible, ERP systems are acquired by different businesses. In the transactional programs the information of ERP system are becoming more voluminous. The predictive capacities of the ERP system with the potential risks of ERP are also elaborated in this paper. The predictive capabilities of the ERP system those are required to analyze the current and historical data are also eventually illustrated. Analytics decision management and different business rules are used to identify the risks of the ERP system. Though paper elaborated the risks but how to mitigate those risks is not clearly stated by the author. Resource 2.1.3: Chang, B., Kuo, C., Wu, C.H. Tzeng, G.H. 2015. Using fuzzy analytic network process to assess the risks in enterprise resource planning system implementationApplied Soft Computing,28, pp.196-207 Discussion This article focuses on identifying different risks levels for both the inter-organizational and intra-organizational culture while implementing ERP in the businesses. A research has been conducted to identify the potential risks of ERP system while it is using Fuzzy analytics network processes. The result of the research work implies that the main risk of ERP system is lack of support and involvement of the project team members in the planning phase. In order to identify the risks while implementing ERP in businesses Fuzzy Analytics Network Process (FANP) method is used by the organization. It reflects the crucial necessity of involvement of risk identification while implementing ERP system in businesses. The support of top level management authority are also elaborated I this paper. The final conclusion of this paper implies ways through which the enterprises have decreased the level of ERP risks by enhancing the culture among the enterprises. Resource 2.1.4: Bharathi, V., Raman, R. Pramod, D., 2014. A FPN Based Risk Assessment Model for ERP Implementation in Small and Medium Enterprises Discussion The paper is focuses on the risk assessment models with the help of selecting certain significant issues that have been raised in small to medium enterprises. The impacts of risks, which lead to ERP implementation failure, are also illustrated. In the visual basic application, this risks assessment model is used as an analytical tool for both the medium and large business organizations. While developing an ERP in enterprises, the implementation of risk assessment model is found to be very much necessary. The paper discussed all the five phases of risk model development. Quantitative data collection method is used to collect data from different survey questions. From previous studies, the risk assessment model is developed. The paper reflects that the risk assessment of ERP is dependent on the concept and business application of Fuzzy Petri Net (FPN). In order to mitigate the risks, how the SMEs are using this model is critically developed in this paper. After analyzing all the risk identification resources it has been found that, the qualitative determination of risks are one of the most important factors that is needed to be considered before implementing any process within the business organization. It will help to understand the potential impact of risk and how it might affect both the financial and strategic objectives of the business organization. Risk analysis and risk evaluation Resource 2.2 1 Chen, J., Hu, S. Xie, X., 2014. Risk evaluation model building of logistics financial business for the bank and empirical research.BioTechnology: An Indian Journal,10(9). Discussion For logistics financial businesses for different banking sector, the risk evaluation and risk analysis processes are elaborated in this article. The asymmetry between the banking domain and enterprises are also illustrated in this paper. Depending on the business study, it has been found that the logistics financial risk indicator and the index system from the pledge risks and the financial risk that support a large set of project risk assessment is elaborated in this paper with the help of fuzzy mathematics theory. Analytic hierarchy process or method is used by the developers to improve the supply chain management approach of the enterprises. Based on the severity and probability, the risks that have been identified for different organizations are plotted in the graphical risk management framework for its evaluation and analysis. The feasibility of the model is also illustrated to understand, how the business can achieve its goal without any error. Resource 2.2 2: Liu, H.C., Liu, L. Liu, N., 2013. Risk evaluation approaches in failure mode and effects analysis: A literature review.Expert systems with applications,40(2), pp.828-838. Discussion The failure mode and effects analysis is a risk assessment tool that is used to mitigate potential failure are elaborated in this paper. If the risk assessment process fails to meet the actual requirement or the approaches appropriately then, it will affect the entire business process. The literature those are published between 1992 and 2012 on FMEA, using classification framework are also elaborated in this paper. Even, future research direction is also illustrated in this paper. A classification framework is designed and the necessary short come and other different popular approaches are also illustrated in this paper. The traditional risk priority number method is used by the developers to analyze and evaluate different risk. The paper reflects on the main shortcomings, te most popular approaches and insufficiency in that approaches. Though the potential failure modes are identified but it fails to provide the mitigation approaches and the review of this academic works are not described. Resource 2.2 3: Chang, V. 2014. The business intelligence as a service in the cloud.Future Generation Computer Systems,37, pp.512-534. Discussion This paper elaborates different risks that are associated to business intelligence. The risk management process is referred to as one of the mist important tools that are widely used by both academic and real world applications. In order to examine risks within the business organizations, the first type business intelligence as a service using three different application programming interface, for simulate the histon model in elaborated in this paper. The improvement of performance over the desktop, considering the maintenance accuracy and investment analysis are also illustrated in this paper. In order to increase the risk management approaches different application business intelligence tools are illustrated in this paper. While constructing a project for any business organization it is necessary to consider the risks that might occur during the planning and implementation phase. With the help of proper business intelligence tools, previously determined issues of the business can be mitigated easily, is also illustrated in this paper. Resource 2.2 4: Oliveira, T., Thomas, M. and Espadanal, M., 2014. Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors.Information Management,51(5), pp.497-510. Discussion This paper elaborates the importance of adapting risk analysis and risk evaluation tools that are necessary to mitigate the risks of cloud computing. Different factors are identified, while adapting the cloud computing in the business organizations. Though, before final implementation of the cloud computing technology in service and manufacturing sector, the systematic evaluation phases are evaluated in this paper. In addition to this, the determinants of cloud computing adaptation are also investigated here. The way through which the organizations are systematically using and evaluating the factors of cloud computing are determined in this report. A research model is developed for business organizations to develop the technical organization environment. The paper has successfully elaborated the diffusion of innovation, and the data required to evaluate the model are collected from 369 firms in Portugal after testing relevant hypothesis. After conducting a study on different literatures of risk analysis and evaluation it has been found that, once an enterprise successfully identifies the risks, the potential impact of those risks are needed to be accessed by the business organization. Based on the level of intensity, the enterprises must separate the risks into major and minor risks. The level o risk can be calculated from the below formulae: Risk level= Consequence X likelihood. Recommendations In order to mitigate the identified challenges or risks of in-house mold manufacturing project certain recommendations rather suggestions are provided. The recommendations over the identified risks are as follows: Training and development program: It has been found that Omar Jibran engineering industry does not have enough well trained employees in their project development team. In order to get commercial benefits from the competitive marketplace the organization should arrange schedule for proper training and development program. With the help of training and development programs the employees will be able to get commercial profit. Also with advanced training program the employees will be able to think critically. Technical development: The traditional manufacturing process served by Omar Jibran engineering is very much old fashioned. Technical development is needed to be adapted by the business organization to improve its existing process. Risk management: In order to mitigate all the issues from the core business area the management team of Omar Jibran engineering should consider different security measure of risk management framework. After considering the risk management framework, the company will be able to mitigate the risks efficiently. Biodegradability: As in the process of in-house mold manufacturing technique the plastics are melted in the liquid forms and then again as per the consumer requirements, the liquids are used to fill different shapes. As, plastic is referred to as a harmful product for the environment thus the company should use biodegradable plastics in their production approach. It will decrease the rate of harm. Recycle: Traditional plastics cannot be recycled thus these are not at all eco-friendly. Therefore, Omar Jibran engineering should use those plastics those can be recycled. Longevity: The quality of the products in terms of longevity and quantity is required to be incases to grab high number of consumers throughout. If the product longevity increases then, it will help the organization to increase the revenue. Temperature resistance: In high temperature plastic products can be melted. In order to reduce the rate of this issue, the feature of temperature resistance is one of the major measured which is required to be adapted. It will help the organization to gain competitive advantages from the marketplace. Apart from this, for the increased temperature, the longevity of the product will also increase. Suitable qualified local workforce: In order to mitigate the challenges related to the employees of Omar Jibran engineering, the company should hire expert project team members. In order to gain sustainable growth from the business, the in-house mold manufacturing mold project has been considered. From the reviews of risk management process, it is necessary to identify the probability and impact of risks and bad on that the risk management matrix is required to be plotted. Implementation of security and privacy: In order to gain sustainable business growth, security and privacy are the main measures that are required to be considered for any business organization. The confidential data of the employees and of the company are stored in the data warehouse. That server is required to be secured from the external attackers. In order to keep the data security proper encryption algorithm should be adapted. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that Omar Jibran engineering company has adapted systematic risk management strategies to mitigate the challenges that have been identified during the evaluation of the in-house mold manufacturing project. From the previous study or from the literature review it has been found that based on the type of business practices, different organizations uses different tools and techniques for risk identification. Not only in identifying risks but also for risk analysis and evaluation different tools are techniques are unanimously used by the business organizations. Though the report has mentioned the key tools of risks identification and the research methodologies in terms of qualitative and quantitative but still, the processes of risk management are argued by different authors. Based on the impact of the risks, the risk management framework is also mentioned in this report. References Borges, A.F., Alvesb, F., Silva, C., Coelho, J.F., Simes, S. Bluepharma, I.F., 2015. Orodispersible films (ODFs): overall analysis with a multivariate Chemometric approach.Development of novel pharmaceutical forms for oral administration of bioactive agents, p.101. Ding, D.K., Tse, Y. Williams, M.R., 2014. The price discovery puzzle in offshore Yuan trading: different contributions for different contracts.Journal of Futures Markets,34(2), pp.103-123. Gamliel, A., Stack, J.P. Mumford, J.D., 2017. A Risk Management Framework for Plant Biosecurity. In Practical Tools for Plant and Food Biosecurit (pp. 97-119). Springer International Publishing. Huemann, M. Ringhofer, C., 2016. Challenge or Potential? Risk Identification in the Context of Sustainable Development: A Case Study. InManaging Project Risks for Competitive Advantage in Changing Business Environments(pp. 87-105). IGI Global. Kailashiya, J., Singh, N., Singh, S.K., Agrawal, V. Dash, D., 2015. Graphene oxide-based biosensor for detection of platelet-derived microparticles: A potential tool for thrombus risk identification.Biosensors and Bioelectronics,65, pp.274-280. Konig, A. Spinler, S., 2016. The effect of logistics outsourcing on the supply chain vulnerability of shippers: Development of a conceptual risk management framework.The International Journal of Logistics Management,27(1), pp.122-141. Lam, J., 2014.Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Li, W., 2014.Risk assessment of power systems: models, methods, and applications. John Wiley Sons. Li, W., Sankarasubramanian, A., Ranjithan, R.S. Brill, E.D., 2014. Improved regional water management utilizing climate forecasts: An interbasin transfer model with a risk management framework.Water Resources Research,50(8), pp.6810-6827. Malhotra, Y., 2014.A Risk Management Framework for Penetration Testing of Global Banking Finance Networks Voice over Internet Protocols. Technical Report. 2014a. Global Risk Management Network, LLC, New York. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Myers, J. 2016. The long-term safe management of rural shit.Sustainable Sanitation for All: Experiences, challenges, and innovations, 139. Nimoh, F., Poku, K., Ohene-Yankyera, K., Konradsen, F. Abaidoo, R.C., 2014. Households Latrine Preference and Financing Mechanisms in Peri-urban Ghana. Thalmann, S., Manhart, M., Ceravolo, P. Azzini, A., 2014. An integrated risk management framework: measuring the success of organizational knowledge protection.International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM),10(2), pp.28-42. Thomson, R.E. Emery, W.J., 2014.Data analysis methods in physical oceanography. Newnes. Waller, R. ed., 2013.Low-probability high-consequence risk analysis: Issues, methods, and case studies(Vol. 2). Springer Science Business Media. Watts Jr, J.M. Hall Jr, J.R., 2016. Introduction to fire risk analysis. InSFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering(pp. 2817-2826). Springer New York.

Social Darwinism In American History Essays - Herbert Spencer

Social Darwinism in American History Toward the end of the 19th century, the United States entered a period of growth and industrialisation. An abundance of natural recourses, cheap labour supply, and a self-sufficient food supply contributed to the industrialisation of the United States. This time was known as the American Industrial Revolution. Due to the growing prosperity of the United States, the American people, in general, adopted a heavily opportunistic and an excessively materialistic view towards life. Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, developed a theory of evolution through the process of natural selection. His ideas were presented to the public through several manuscripts that he wrote towards the late 19th century. The Origin of the species was one such manuscript, in which Darwin presented his idea that species evolve from more primitive species through the process of natural selection. When Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species reached the United States following its publication in 1859, the reading public quickly gave it a popular reception. The Americans had observed the disarray over political issues in the period before and during the Civil War, and had experienced many hardships later during the Reconstruction in the South. They were now ready to listen to theories that allowed them to enjoy their great, recently settled continent and the new industries that sprang up within it. It was during this age of rapid and remarkable change that Darwin's theories were popular ised in the United States. Darwin developed a theory of evolution through natural selection, in which only the fittest would survive. Although Charles Darwin himself did not write about social factors such as human behaviour in society, his theories were open to interpretation. His ideas were moulded and eventually evolved into a theory known as Social Darwinism. Social Darwinists believed that people, like animals, compete for survival and those who become rich and powerful are the ?fittest' while those left behind in the lower classes must necessarily be "less fit". Social Darwinists came to believe that that human progress depended on competition. It was believed that "Nature would provide that the best competitors in a competitive situation would win, and that this process would lead to continuing improvement" (Hofstadter 6). Darwin's theories on the "Survival of the Fittest", interpreted as Social Darwinism, were applied by the American people in the context of their social, ec onomic and political development during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Social Theories Darwinism exerted a profound effect upon America's social ideology. Darwin's theories played an important role in the American's usage of eugenics and in the justification of racial and sexist separateness. Eugenics, the study of human heredity, aimed at "improving" the human race, proved to be one of the most enduring aspects of Social Darwinism. Darwin's theory of natural selection had greatly stimulated the study of heredity. Early eugenicists accepted the identification of the "fit" with the upper classes and the "unfit" with the lower classes. They contributed the economic deceleration at the end of the century to the increased immigration from countries of "inferior" stock. The American Eugenics Society (A.E.S.), founded in 1924, supported the idea that the wealth and social position of the upper classes was justified by their superior genetic capabilities. They pushed sterilisation laws and laws that severely limited immigration into the U.S. from countries that were not racia lly "pure". Between 1911 and 1930, 24 states passed sterilisation laws aimed at the mentally retarded, criminals, and the insane ("Eugenics"). William E. Kellicot spoke for the majority when he stated that " the Eugenicist believes that no other single factor in determining social conditions and practices approaches in importance that of racial structural integrity and sanity" (Hofstadter 163). The general belief of those that followed the A.E.S. was that the United States could only reach its highest potential if the nation was comprised of the racially pure "American type" (Hofstadter 163). The interpretation of Darwin's theory of the "survival of the fittest" not only justified views on eugenics, but also on racist and sexist ideas. The American Eugenics Society urged the passing of laws that restricted marriages between different racial groups. The United States was made up of a people long familiar with Indian warfare and southern slavery. These experiences had

Binoy Study Essays

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Pure, Per Se and Natural Monopolies

Pure, Per Se and Natural Monopolies Introduction Today’s economies need to evaluate and analyze effects influenced by decisions made in production, consumption or relatively all production and marketing activities. Economic agents interact in the production and marketing environments and a particular agent decision can have an influence to social-economic effects on the other (Externalities and policy, nd).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pure, Per Se and Natural Monopolies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These influences and effects are regarded as the externalities. This means are effects beyond production or consumption of a project, firm, industry or individual spectrum (Mankiw, 2008). Externalities effects can be positive or negative. Negative externalities are actually painful to the immediate agent. Governments through its institutions need to develop and implement policies to curb negative externalities effects that could other wise cause malfunction of another economic agent. As a policy maker concerned with correcting externalities relating to gases and particularly emitted by local power plants, various policies need to be developed and enforced. Policies to curb negative externalities due gases emission and consumption thus will lessen the overall effects to other agents still maintaining and maximizing the economic activity. Policies to reduce the total amount of emissions There are many costs related to the production and the consumption of gases. For example damage of the environment and risk of explosive gases emission and levels. Some of the policies to be developed include pure, per se and natural monopoly market structure policy and an environmental policy. Monopoly market structure policy Because the competitive economy of emission and the production of gases in presence of externalities are inefficient, fighting externalities through monopoly structure policy is legitimate. In this monopoly ma rket structure policy, objectively target to shift production levels into a more social-economic level (Hirshleifer et al., 2005). This will further reduce reduction. Market inefficiency in competitive economies regarding production of gases occurs due to production more that the market demand and thus increasing the negative externalities. The policy will reduce production of gases because the monopoly industry will produce enough to meet market demand.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Only one firm will be provided with the license to produce gases under pure, per se or natural monopoly bases. Government can franchise international company to engage in the production and benefit the monopoly powers. Conversely, there are various costs related to monopoly market structure. Bearing in mind the industry produce enough for consumption, it still possesses powe rs to regulate prices thereby assuming the role of capitalistic market system (Hirshleifer et al., 2005). In fact, the industry is responsible in setting prices and not the demand supply mechanism in the market. Environmental policy The policy acts as externality control policy. Environment policy is usually also referred to as targeting policy (Riley, 2006). The policy involves deciding economic variables such as prices or outputs regulated in an attempt to control externalities. Developed policy reduces production by giving quotas to the involved firms. Further as argued by Zilberman, (2002) production level is curtailed by applying taxes and subsidies to regulate or reduce production. Environment policy targets outputs reduction, inputs or externality generating activity to reduce overexploitation thereby reducing production levels. Government measure and calculate the pollution produced per unit of outputs and set tax percentage on the output to achieve externality reduction tax . Conversely, there are various cost related to environmental policy. According to Riley, (2006) one cost is that the government institution may find it’s difficult in estimating the degree of pollution or externality thereby causing underestimation or over estimations. In addition, increase in taxes and giving of subsidies may drive firms from the industry decreasing production levels lower than demand (Riley, 2006). This causes inefficiency in the market and under utilization of resources. Conclusion Externalities are usually connected to market failures. Usually, when externalities prevail and the policies are instituted to curb effects, prices do not reflect the true marginal costs. Ideally, many policies lead to erosion of competitive economy spirit leading to low production and consumption levels.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Pure, Per Se and Natural Monopolies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The benefits of producing and consuming gases do not only benefit the producer or consumer. The economic activity may bring fourth other negatives to the consumer. Thus immediate policies need to be formulated to protect other economic agents such as consumer and the social ecological systems. Government should therefore reduce or internalize the main externalities through adoption of various policies. The above policies, market structure policies and environment policies would reduce externalities due to production and emission of gases. References â€Å"Externalities and policy† (nd). Negative externalities and policy. Web. Hirshleifer, J, Glazer, A., Hirshleifer, D.A, (2005). Theory and Applications: Decisions, Markets, and Information. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,  Mankiw, N. G. (2008). Principles of economics. New Jersey: Cengage Learning. Riley, G. (September 2006). Externalities Government Policy Options. Markets Market Systems. Eton College Web. Zilb erman, D. F. (2002). Negative externalities and policy. University of California. Web.

Reflective Experience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective Experience - Assignment Example en defined by many to mean a situation where self evaluation on the set goals in a given setting, can be applied at any time in the course line of anybody (Cunningham, 2008). In my theoretical studies I got this meaning that learning is evaluated on the end of semester exams but with field and writings of the likes of Billie Cunningham, then a lot needs to be done on the side of the lecturer. The lecture is everything in the success of the learning process not in giving powerful lectures but in creating that atmosphere that enable each student to be a very participative one in class (Edmonds, 2005). The lecturer is to provide structures and guidelines to facilitate the students do the learning themselves. Any consultative work is to the part of the lecturer. I concur with the effect that action research is a self researching basis whereby the lecturer takes time to think on the ways and means viable to carry out a goal he wants to achieve concerning the class he is teaching (Cunningham, 2008). For this course, the lecturer will be involved in a series of events. I have this feeling that though the action research is highly recommended, its success is only valid if the right steps are taken into consideration fail to which the whole process if futile. Design and implementation is the bottom line for the success of this process. The lecturer, as Cunningham gives in the example, needs to design an outline i.e. the reasoning and planning of the goals to be achieved have to be clearly out lined. This includes anything that will amount to consolidating the class members. Mostly classes are made of different characters whom some are easily distracted while others are very apt and all needs to be put in a platform which they can move together in a harmonious way. This will include a person response calculation and as a lecturer I would put this as a point forward in engaging the class throughout the semester. Upon understanding the setting and needs of the class