Ethics Article Review Essay Example for Free

Ethics Article Review Essay Ethics in accounting and financial decision-making has received increased attention due to large corporate scandals such as WorldCom and Enron in recent years. Legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has attempted to make corporations more transparent to internal and external stakeholders. After analyzing the 2005 article by Richard Bernardi and Catherine LaCross, Corporate Transparency: Code of Ethics Disclosures, recommendations will be made to improve ethical foundations at the San Quentin State Prison based on the parameters outlined by Sarbanes-Oxley. In the Corporate Transparency article, the key point is made that along with changes in the accounting practices, disclosing a code of ethics to the public will ensure better internal compliance with ethical practices. Those organizations that did not publicly disclose codes of ethics were less likely to truly conform to ethical practices required in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was legislation enacted in response to large corporate scandals. The Act calls for public corporations to publicly disclose all financial statements, store all electronic records for five years and these rules are governed by the SEC (Spurzem, 2006). Sarbanes Oxley has impacted organizations in that accountants and financial decision makers are open to public scrutiny based on the public financial statement disclosures and IT departments must adequately create and maintain corporate archives that are cost effective and in compliance with legislation (Spurzem, 2006). Organizations have been impacted financially by having to add extra resources to maintain compliance and avoid fines. According to Bernardi and LaCross, â€Å". . . one example of a ‘best practice’ in transparency is a corporation making its code of ethics readily available for public scrutiny on its website (par 1). † Corporations increase legitimacy with openly stated code of ethics and websites are an economically feasible avenue for making a particular code available to the public. The article argues that organizations that go beyond the basic requirements of Sarbanes-Oxley and declare a universal code of ethics show that the organization is willing to ‘walk the talk’ of ethics. SEC chairman Donaldson is quoted as saying â€Å". . . going beyond mere adherence or conformity to new dictates and of Sarbanes-Oxley: responsibilities that rest at the very heart of their obligation to create a corporate culture of transparency and accountability (Bernardi, 2005, par 6). † Integrating ethics into a corporate culture is extremely effective in ensuring strong ethical compliance within organizations. At the San Quentin State Prison, ethics are important in many aspects of business including accounting, financial decisions, inmate treatment, medical care, and general work environment. There are many opportunities for unethical practices to take hold in a prison facility. Since the facility is closed off to the general public, self-monitoring is a crucial part of maintaining an ethical environment in all aspects of the prison business. San Quentin has the responsibility to use public tax dollars wisely and ethically as well as to maintain a corporate culture with high integrity. Based on the research findings by Bernardi and LaCross, the recommendation for a San Quentin State Prison public code of ethics will focus the entire prison cultural towards walking the ethical talk. All prison employees would be held individually responsible for maintaining the highest code of ethics across all job functions from accounting and financial decision-makers to medical employees. Ethics in business span larger than just accounting and financial-decision making. While these areas are extremely important, developing a code of ethics for all job functions in an organization is essential to maintaining an ethical corporate environment. At San Quentin Prison, an official code of ethics would guide the organization to best practices to ensure success. References http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci920030,00.html

Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

Migrant workers went through a lot of struggles. They went through life and death situations, prejudice, and one of the most important things of all they had to keep their family and people together and keep believing that they would make it to a better life. The things they go through while immigrating change their views on life forever. Some for the good some for the bad. â€Å"They said, these god dammed okies are dirty and ignorant. They’re degenerate, sexual maniacs. They’ll steal anything. They’ve got no sense of property rights† (Steinbeck 363). One of the hardest things that immigrants went through was prejudice. Cops and towns men where always after the okies because they where dirty and didn’t have a stable home. The immigrants from Mexico experienced the same hardships. The farm owners hated them. They just wanted them to do their job and leave. The farm owners didn’t care that they had a family to feed, they wanted to screw them over and pay them as less money as they could. It’s weird how the same prejudice is still around. No matter how nice a person is if they don’t dress the same or have the same interests they are disliked. â€Å"As usual there had been violent incidents on the picket line. A union member had been run over† (Del Castillo, Garcia 84). People everyday that went on strikes put their lives on the line. They knew there was a threat when they protested. It was a life and death situation. Fight for your rights, or keep working for the minimal amount and not be able to support your family. Every immigrant has tough choices to make. In the early days they had to make life and death choices. In both stories they have strikes to give the immigrants what they deserve. In the grapes of wrath as well as Cesar Chavez, somebody dies from a strike. â€Å"The heavy club crashed into the side of his head with a dull crunch of bone, and Casy fell sideways out of the light† (Steinbeck 495). Casy died because he protested against how much money people should earn. The men came after him and the rest of the protesters. They killed them in fear of having to raise the prices. Casy was tired of working for 2 cents an hour. He could live off that. The only choice he had was to protest.

Minor Assignment Marketing Mix Essay

Introduction This report has been compiled in order to describe the four most common elements of the marketing mix which are described by Elliot, Rundle-Thiele and Waller (2010 p.18-21) in the following few sentences. * Product – â€Å"A good, service or idea offered to the market for exchange.† (p.18) * Price – â€Å"The amount of money a business demands in exchange for its offerings.† (p.20) * Promotion – â€Å"The marketing activities that make potential customers, partners and society aware of and attracted to the business’s offerings.† (p.20) * Place (Distribution) – â€Å"The means of making the offering available to the customer at the right time and place† (p.21) In conjunction with these descriptions, all four marketing mix elements will be analysed and shown how they can be applied to retail petrol outlets and the products which are made available to customers. The Marketing Mix Elliot et. al describe the marketing mix as â€Å"the different elements that marketers need to consider.† (2010 p. 18) When using the marketing mix to market retail petrol outlets such as Caltex Woolworths or Coles Express, marketers need to consider the Product, Price, Promotion and Distribution (Place) of not only petrol, but many other consumer and specialty products which retail petrol outlets offer. Product It can be seen in retail petrol stations that other than the expected fuels like unleaded and diesel which are generally relatively low in terms of their profit margin, â€Å"some oil firms claim that supermarkets sell petrol at a loss in order to attract customers.† (The Economist, 1996 p.58) Other products are required in order to boost profits for the retail petrol chains’ owner. These other products are mostly the convenience type and can range from the daily newspaper and chewing gum, to a bottle of orange juice or a loaf of bread. There are three categories of convenience products outlined by Elliot et al. which are all found in retail petrol outlets and include staple products, impulse products and emergency products. (2010 p. 207) * Staple products – These are considered to be everyday grocery products like bread and milk, purchased regularly by consumers and therefore aren’t heavily promoted * Impulse products – These are considered to be only purchased when seen, like confectionary or magazines which are eye catching and are usually found around the cash register. * Emergency products – These are considered to be those products which are only purchased when really needed, like a raincoat or an umbrella. Although there are a lot of products sold by retail petrol outlets like Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express, the obvious product centred on all retail petrol outlets is the fuel supplied to consumers. The varieties of fuels which can be purchased can include: * E10 – 10% Ethanol. * E85 – 85% Ethanol. * E95 – 95% Ethanol. * Unleaded – Standard fuel. * Hi Octane – Offered for high performance vehicles. * LPG – Alternative to liquid fuel, a Gas product. * Diesel – More efficient lower sulphur producing by product. There is a vast selection of fuels for consumers to choose from and although the blends of fuels stay similar, the names and descriptions of these fuels tend to change from outlet to outlet. For example, when you drive into a Caltex Woolworths you are confronted with the choice of â€Å"Caltex Vortex 95 or 98,† both are hi octane blends offered to a prospective purchaser. (Woolworths fuels, Website.) Price When dealing with topic of pricing in retail petrol stores, the outcome of the price has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer, otherwise no trades will take place. As stated previously, petrol itself tends to have a lower margin for profit which means the strategic pricing of other products in-store needs to be addressed as well as ensuring that the price of petrol is not seen as out of balance with other suppliers. There is an obvious demand for petrol, as almost everyone who is able, drives or rides a vehicle which requires fuel to run. So it could be argued that retail petrol stations don’t necessarily set their own prices, but go off supplier guidelines which base their fuel pricing strategy on demand, â€Å"Demand based pricing sets prices according to the level of aggregate or individual customer demand in the market.† (Elliott et al. 2010 p. 250) Elliott et al. also continue to write that both Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express hold more than 60% of the Australian fuel market share (2010 p.268) so high demand from their suppliers will enable them to lower their fuel prices and therefore gain more customers, earning higher profits. Pricing of other products offered by retail petrol outlets such as bread or milk tend to have the opportunity to be competitive and more fairly priced than a standard petrol station, the major grocery companies behind retail petrol outlets like Woolworths and Coles focus on gaining more ground off one and other, price drops are reflected in store and this also proves more profitable, because consumers are drawn into purchasing something they wouldn’t normally associate with their petrol. Promotion An important aspect in the success of retail petrol outlets is in their promotion, or the way in which their fuels and other products are portrayed to potential customers. There are many numbers of ways in which retail petrol outlets use promotional tools to make the public more aware of what their outlet has to offer. Using the Coles Express website for example, it can be seen that promotion plays a major role in the marketing of retail petrol outlets, on the homepage can be found five key promotional campaigns designed to catch the eye of potential customers. The opportunity to win â€Å"the ultimate weekend Ferrari drive experience† or â€Å"two Cadbury chocolate bars for four dollars† (Coles Express, website) are two examples of how Coles Express use promotion as a tool to gain the interest of potential customers. The use of shopper dockets and rewards cards are also a major way in which retail petrol outlets have promoted themselves, using incentives of cheaper fuel by spending amounts of money in store or purchasing earlier in their supermarkets and bringing the docket to the petrol station in order to gain the fuel discount. In the recent past, retail petrol outlets have encouraged shoppers to buy big in store in order to earn big discounts off fuel â€Å"motorists who spend more than $300 during one supermarket visit during the next three days receive a 40 cent per litre petrol discount. Shoppers who spend more than $200 or more receive a 25 cent a litre discount, while those who spend $100 or more get a 10 cent a litre discount.† (Cranston 2009) Woolworths have the â€Å"Everyday Rewards† program, and Coles have the â€Å"Fly buys† rewards program. Both these programs offer rewards point in exchange for purchases made in their outlets. Another way in which retail petrol outlets can promote their product is through sponsorship, Coles Express for example are sponsoring Daffodil day, a program not normally associated with fuel but this can help to grow an organisations image, by supporting such a worthy cause, Coles express may gain respect from the community and in turn boost their profits. Place (Distribution) The transportation and distribution of products including fuel to retail petrol outlets operates under the marketing mix category of â€Å"Place.† â€Å"The science (or art) of ensuring products are in the right place at the right time in the right quantity is known as logistics and the various partners that contribute to the process make up is called the supply chain.† (Elliot et al. 2010 p.21) Retail petrol outlets operate somewhat differently to conventional service stations, the retail petrol outlets are often situated near to a parent supermarket company (in the same complex) which makes supply of products other than fuel relatively easy as the distance for stock to travel is minimal. When looking at the fuel aspect, it can be seen that the logistics tend to become a lot more involved and a more defined supply chain emerges. * First fuel is sourced from their respective supplier (Caltex or Shell) on a relatively routine basis, as fuel is a required product for most of the community. * The fuel is then transported by truck from oil refineries which are based in more coastal areas (Caltex oil refinery in Kurnell NSW) which makes it easier to transfer oil from overseas oil barges when new shipments arrive. * When the trucks reach the retail petrol outlet the fuel is then pumped into underground holding tanks, where the fuel can now be distributed to the customer via the petrol pump and now exchange of fuels can be made for a profit. Conclusion This report was compiled in order to describe the four elements of the marketing mix: * Product * Price * Promotion * Place (distribution) The descriptions of these marketing mix elements were also shown in application; how they are applied when breaking down the four aspects in relation to retail petrol outlets. Focusing on the Caltex Woolworths and Coles Express partnerships it was able to be shown how the marketing mix elements are applied. Products have been broken down into specific fuels and other items which are available to potential customers, these products have also been categorised as either: Staple, Impulse or Emergency. Price has been shown to be of vital importance, and the outcome of the price has to be both beneficial to the seller, and seen as a good deal to the buyer. Promotion has also proven to be of high importance to the overall marketing of retail petrol outlets, the use of shopper dockets for discounts, and sponsorship for awareness and image are important promotional tools outlined above. Place (Distribution) outlines the logistics and supply chain which is in place for retail petrol outlets to gain their product in order to forward it onto the paying public to gain an overall profit. All four of these marketing mix elements play their own equally pivotal role in ensuring the successful operation of retail petrol outlets. References Coles Express website www.colesexpress.com.au Cranston, B. (2009) NSW: ACCC investigating supermarket petrol promotion. AAP Australian National News wire Elliott, G. Rundle-Thiele, S. & Waller, D. (2010) Marketing. Pump Action, The Economist. (1996) Vol. 338 Issue 7950, page 58 Woolworths petrol website www.woolworthspetrol.com.au

Samuel Huntingtons The Clash of Civilizations and the...

Abstract Samuel Huntingtons The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order defines eight major civilizations on the basis of religion. This division of global powers can be used to prove that the Western civilization will never completely dominate the global media. While Western thought tends to lead to a more representative form of government, and consequently a more libertarian or social responsibility-based media, the other belief systems of the global powers tend to lead to more authoritarian government and media formats. This difference creates constant conflict between the global powers, thus disabling any one civilization from subjugating the others. Issue Paper In The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of†¦show more content†¦However, for the purposes of this paper, one must associate each religion with one or two countries to have some basis for analysis of the current events pertaining to each religion, and more importantly, the clash between that religion and Western thought. Therefore, Sinic/Confucian thought will be associated mostly with China, Hindu with India, Islam with the Middle Eastern and North African countries, Orthodox with countries of the former Soviet Union and Western with the United States and western European countries. The African continent will only be dealt with in the context of Islam, as traditional African religious are too variant and do not usually fit with one of the four theories of the press. The Western media is characterized by a Judeo-Christian belief system and a libertarian or social responsibility theory of the press. Typically it is expected that these two sets of ideas will keep their distance from one another, thereby providing as little influence upon each other as possible. This is not true with most of the other worlds civilizations/religions. In most other civilizations, the government and the media have close ties. This it at the root of the argument against the Wests ability to completely dominate a global media. While only 0.2% of the Asian population practices Confucianism, this figure constitutes 0.1% of the worlds population. Confucianism is most heavily concentrated in mainland China and Taiwan, with the largest non-ChineseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Samuel Huntingtons Clash Of Civilizations And The Remaking Of The World Order1018 Words   |  5 PagesIn Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order, Samuel Huntington states â€Å"The most important distinctions among peoples are no longer ideological, political, or economic. They are cultural†. This is his main argument throughout this book. New patterns of distinctions and conflict will occur along boundaries of different cultures. However, patterns of cohesion will be found within the cultural boundaries. Huntington analyzes the resurgence of post-cold war cultural identities. He doesRead MoreThe Clash of Civilizations: a Summary of Samuel Huntingtons Controversial Political Analysis and Its Critics2376 Words   |  10 PagesBishop The Clash of Civilizations: A Summary of Samuel Huntington’s controversial Political Analysis and its Critics â€Å"Culture and cultural identities, which at the broadest level are civilizational identities, are shaping patterns of cohesion, disintegration, and conflict in the post-Cold War World† - Samuel Huntington POLI 100 - F10N01! Gabrielle Bishop In a 1993 article published in Foreign Affairs, Harvard Professor of Government and Political Scientist Samuel Huntington madeRead MoreThe Clash of Civilizations: a Summary of Samuel Huntington’s Controversial Political Analysis and Its Critics2367 Words   |  10 PagesGabrielle Bishop The Clash of Civilizations: A Summary of Samuel Huntington’s controversial Political Analysis and its Critics â€Å"Culture and cultural identities, which at the broadest level are civilizational identities, are shaping patterns of cohesion, disintegration, and conflict in the post-Cold War World† - Samuel Huntington POLI 100 - F10N01! Gabrielle Bishop In a 1993 article published in Foreign Affairs, Harvard Professor of Government and Political Scientist Samuel Huntington made a predictionRead More Fukyama V huntington Essay722 Words   |  3 Pages Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington are two of the most controversial and influential modern political theorists of our times. Fukuyama’s book, The End of History and the Last Man, and Huntington’s book, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, pose two very conflicting theories on international relations. In this paper I will summarize and compare/contrast the two theories. Both theories, written since the fall of communism and updated since the first gulf war, have been widelyRead MoreEvaluation Of Huntington s Thesis1047 Words   |  5 PagesEvaluation of Huntington’s Thesis: A Reference to Muslim and U.S. Relations Krystal Johnson Savannah State University Evaluation Huntington’s Thesis: A Reference to Muslim and U.S. Relations In 1992, Samuel Huntington had suggested his idea on the Clash of Civilizations (COC) which he later, in 1996, discussed in more detail in his book The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (Huntington 1996). The most popular inference made from his thesis is the idea that post-Cold War conflictsRead MoreThe Cold War Was Easy : Capitalism Vs. Communism1402 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Cold War was easy: Capitalism vs. Communism, West vs. East, Good vs. Evil†¦ however you wanted to define it, the dichotomy was simple to understand. When the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991, the New World Order was going to be a little more difficult to define, and to comprehend. The first to try was Francis Fukuyama: With his essay entitled, The End of History he declared â€Å"an unabashed victory of economic and political liberalism†. The resulting, â€Å"triumph of the West†Read MoreThe Clash Of Civilizations By Samuel Huntington Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesSamuel Huntington’s controversial article â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?† was first published in Foreign Affairs in 1993 and was subsequently turned into a book in 1996 titled The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. As this paper will show Huntington’s work can be seen as a product of the post-Cold War context it was written in. Huntington’s article takes a new perspective on the new world order and outlines a different way a thinking about how future world conflicts will unfoldRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Huntington s The Clash Of The Civilisations1258 Words   |  6 PagesSamuel Huntington, the author of the clash of the civilisat ions believes that the World will eventually divide in accordance with cultural lines, and not political lines. According to Huntington, â€Å"the thriving East Asian and Muslim societies will soon challenge Western dominance, and the United States being the World leader will need to reevaluate its policies on foreign invention and domestic immigration to remain a major player.† During the Cold War, the world was divided into the First, SecondRead MoreThe Cold War And The Fall Of The Soviet Union1991 Words   |  8 Pagesregarding what the new world order would began to arise. In the article published in 1993 â€Å"The Clash of Civilizations?†, Samuel Huntington predicts that the conflicts of the new world order would be between civilization and based in culture, rather than in ideology or economics (22). In his paper, he identifies seven (or possibly eight) civilizations that will interact with each other, provided six reasons as to why these civilizations will cla sh, recognizes the idea that civilizations other than the WestRead MoreAnalysis Of Alfred Huntington s The Cold War 1808 Words   |  8 PagesHuntington Essay is a piece that was written in 1993, and was written to hypothesize a world order that was to come with the end of the Cold War. Before this time, many of the problems in society had to do with ideologies or political disputes, such as democracy against communism. In the Huntington Essay, the main point/argument that he is trying to portray is that the biggest differences between people in the world are no longer ideological, political, or geographical, but are now cultural instead

The United State War On Drugs - 1005 Words

The United States government has been wasting millions of dollars each year on a worthless war that cannot be won. This war is explained in detail by author Art Caden in their essay â€Å"Let’s Be Blunt† about the United State war on drugs. The war on drugs began in 1971 under the order of President Richard Nixon, and it was one of the worst decisions he ever made. It has been nothing but a waste of government funding, time, and manpower that can only be described as a dismal failure and should be repealed or at the very least medical marijuana should be made legal. The essay â€Å"Let’s Be Blunt† was written to show the flaws and failure of the war on drugs. I nits intro the essay takes a very pro drug legalization stance Caden states†Ã¢â‚¬ . Early on the author compares the current drug war to prohibition, the banning of alcohol decades ago. Caden compares the current drug related crime to the massive amount of crime that arose during prohibiti on. He claims that the bans on these substances are what cause the crime not the drug themselves. By having drugs do illegal it results in people have to resort to using underground and dangerous methods to obtain them which they clearly are willing to do. Next an argument is presented against the way the government goes about fighting this war. Stating that the government focus its efforts on catching â€Å"Mr. Big† a theoretical mastermind drug dealer responsible for the vast majority if drug sales. However such a person does not exist. FinallyShow MoreRelatedThe War On Drugs And The United States956 Words   |  4 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today that has afflicted in the United States and the United Nations; both are influenced by international drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drugs. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs become the dominat e framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issuesRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1506 Words   |  7 Pages When, in 1971, Richard Nixon infamously declared a â€Å"war on drugs† it would have been nearly impossible for him to predict the collective sense of disapprobation which would come to accompany the now ubiquitous term. It would have been difficult for him to predict that the drug war would become a hot topic, a highly contentious and polarizing point of debate and, it would have difficult for him to predict that the United States would eventually become the prison capital of the world, incarceratingRead MoreDrug Wars : The United States1643 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Wars. When people hear the term â€Å"Drug Wars† they think that the cause of all the Drugs and Violence flowing through into the United States, is all Mexico’s fault, that Mexico is the cause of so many deaths and a War that the United States thinks it’s â€Å"Winning†, but they are not even making a little dent. Interestingly enough, Mexico is not the only cause of this War going o n around the Border, The United States plays a big role around the Drug Wars as well. THE TIES THE U.S. HAS WITH MEXICANRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe War on Drugs has been an ongoing effect ever since the Civil War introduced the drug morphine to the world. In the years since people have been coming up with drugs more lethal than morphine such as cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, and so on and so forth. The War on Drugs is dangerous and leads to many deaths throughout the years. America has set up agencies such as the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and other drug task force teams throughout the United States. Even though we may not be ableRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today afflicting United States and the United Nations; which are swayed by global drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policy on the war on drug. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs bec omes the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issues focusing primarily onRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States1063 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today afflicting United States and the United Nations; which are swayed by global drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drug. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs becomes the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issues focusing primarily onRead MoreThe Drug War Of The United States1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe drug war in the U.S. has been waged on civil fronts for over four decades and has not only proven to be not only futile but at times even more damaging to society than the drugs themselves. The once virtuous intent of this ‘war’ has been corrupted by police unions and dirty politicians who have turned it into a carefully crafted system of capitalistic enterprise, designed push their political agenda by perpetuating the myth that drugs are the primary threat to our nation. Zero tolerance lawsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States871 Words   |  4 Pages In the United States crime rates have been on a decline for years, but the United States still has the largest number of people incarcerated in the world. The â€Å"war on drugs† as well as policy’s by the government to be â€Å"tough on crime† has lead to the uprising of corporate prisons, which are known as for-profit prisons, and private prisons. Private prisons have also lead to States, and federal prisons to become worse when it comes to programs to rehabilitate those who are incarcerated, so thatRead MoreUnited States War On Drugs Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesHumanities Independent Research Essay Thompson Lin Block B 10-1 Research Question: To what extent has the United States’ â€Å"War on Drugs† been successful in reducing illicit drug abuse in the country? The â€Å"War on Drugs† is a term generally referred in America to the campaign aiming to reduce drug abuse in the country. The term first appeared in July 18 1971, when former U.S. President Richard Nixon started the campaign. However, on April 9, 2015, President Obama publicly announced that the policyRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesFor many years, drugs have been the center of crime and the criminal justice system in the United States. Due to this widespread epidemic, President Richard Nixon declared the â€Å"War on Drugs† in 1971 with a campaign that promoted the prohibition of illicit substances and implemented policies to discourage the overall production, distribution, and consumption. The War on Drugs and the U.S. drug policy has experienced the most significant and complex challenges between criminal law and the values of

Case Study Marketing Mix And Marketing Plan - 2462 Words

Course Journal of ENTR 599.020 Yanliang Liu UMID# 00103354 Consulting is actually problem solving, is building a bridge between A side, problem and B side, solution. This bridge consists of 12 bricks: sell, engage, scope, plan, metrics, research, innovate, decide, manage, communicate, diversity and close. 1. Sell: convince customer to buy 1.1 Marketing: consist of 4 ingredients It is crucial for marketers to consider 4 P’s when coming up with a marketing plan: product, price, promotion and place. These 4 P’s, proposed by E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960, are ingredients of the marketing mix. A product could be a physical good or an intangible service. The product is the core of marketing. Marketers need to provide guidance on the wide and†¦show more content†¦Our client showed us a method of doing market segmentation quickly: asking everyone in the room to speak out the first thing they think of instantly when presenting word â€Å"transportation†, then you can easily get the market segmentation of transportation industry. ï‚Ÿ Apply BCG Matrix to choose product When deciding which product to develop or expand production, BCG Matrix is a useful tool that helps evaluation. In this case, the two factors in BCG Matrix should be growth potential and competition. 1.2 Sales There are few techniques during sales process: ï‚Ÿ Consultative Selling Most people’s first reaction to the sales person is rejection, no matter they need the product or not. A more natural way to approach customers is listening to them rather than forcing them to listen to you. Just ask what problem do they have and listen to customers’ issue and need. Spend time understanding their problems and give some solutions in the end. That would drive customers to your product naturally. ï‚Ÿ Aspirin is more popular than Vitamins Just like many students won’t start writing their homework until one day before the deadline, most people won’t seek for the solution until the problem is causing a headache. Compared to the benefit of a product, pain relieving feature is a sharp spur for buying. Therefore, it’s important to stress that your product is a pain reliever during the sales

Systematic Risk Management Process

Question: Discuss about the Systematic Risk Management Process. Answer: Introduction This particular report depicts the importance of adapting systematic project management approaches to mitigate the in-house plastic molding related issues that have been occurred in Omar Jibran engineering industry. In order to develop the project plan for this organization, the context of the project, a critical literature review on the risks of theautomotive industry are demonstrated in this report. From the previous studies made on in-house mold manufacturing, it has been found that, many risks are associated to this project. The report illustrates the type of the project, the processes of risk identification maintained, risk analysis and its evaluation capability. Omar Jibran engineering industry faces many issues while developing their organizational projects. However, this report is specified for only the In-house mold manufacturing project planning approach and not for all other projects that are preparing by the developers for this organization. Based on the type of risks, re quired analytical and risk management tools and processes are also recommended in this report. Organizational context In the automotive industry of Pakistan, Omar Jibran engineering company is found to be one of the foremost Injections Molded Plastic component vendors. After analyzing the internal factors of Omar Jibran engineering industry, it is found that, for sustainable growth of the business organization, in-house mold manufacturing process is required to be well facilitated. The production facility served by the organization is well designed and equipped as well. For the supply of molds and different tools that are required in production of in-house mold, the organization is dependent on other foreign companies in a large scale. The current manufacturing process is not efficient but after developing an in-house mold manufacturing plant both the cost and time will be reduced. After conducting this project the range of production and business opportunities will also be expanded at a large scale. In the initial project planning phase, a feasibility study has been conducted by the project developer, which implies that 10 million of US dollar is needed for the project completion of the project on in-house mold manufacturing. Moreover, for project planning and its successful implementation in Omar Jibran engineering, around 25 team members are required. The risk of the project, its proper identification, analysis and evaluation are conducted in this report. Literature review Omar Jibran engineering industry conducts many projects for their organizational development but after analyzing the internal factors of the business organization it has been found that, in-house mold manufacturing is one of the most essential projects that are required to be undertaken. Many issues are identified by Omar Jibran engineering, during accomplishment of its in-house mold manufacturing project. Due to lack of availability of suitable as well as qualified local workforce, the company is facing challenge in the competitive market. In order to overcome this challenge the company has scheduled advanced training and development program for their project team members. In order to identify and analyze other risks of in-house mold manufacturing previous studies on the similar subject is conducted efficiently. Annotated bibliography Malhotra, (2014) stated that risk management is referred to as a systematic approach that is used by different business organizations to identify, analysis and evaluate that risks to increase its brand value and market revenue. The literature review section of this report will elaborate the findings of different scholarly articles regarding systematic risk management approach. Risk identification Resource 2.1.1: Tan, M., Adem, A. and Da?deviren, M., 2016, December. Using the analytic hierarchy process (ahp) for supply chain risk management (scrm): a case study in automotive sector. Inlm-scm 2016 xiv International logistics and supply chain congress(p. 191) Discussion: This paper illustrated the analytic hierarchy process that is used for the supply chain risk management. This case study is about an automated sector where Systematic Risk Management is very important to handle difficult situation. Three major fields of risks are identified in this paper. These are material flow risk, financial flow risk, information flow risk etc. Not only this but also in this case, a valuable contrast has done, that is entirely focused on different global risk values. The linguistics scales and their intensity are also measured in this paper. In order to solve complex decision making approaches, the AHP model has been implemented to identify different risks. The aim of the model is to minimize the rate of risks by integrating supply chain with the business process. For analyzing the risks of in-house mold manufacturing process, two measures such as quantitative and qualitative analysis are undertaken by the project development teams. The global risk of supply chain, the weight values of the risk issues are clearly elaborated in this paper. However, it fails to find the inter-dependency of the risk fields. Resource 2.1.2: Babu, M.P. Sastry, S.H. 2014, June. Big data and predictive analytics in ERP systems for automating decision making process. InSoftware Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS), 2014 5th IEEE International Conference on(pp. 259-262). IEEE Discussion This paper focuses on the risk identification process of big data predictive analytics in the ERP system for automating decision making approaches. The inflexibility of the ERP systems are managed y identifying appropriate risks is also elaborated. In order to adapt the changes accordingly, to make the organizational system more flexible, ERP systems are acquired by different businesses. In the transactional programs the information of ERP system are becoming more voluminous. The predictive capacities of the ERP system with the potential risks of ERP are also elaborated in this paper. The predictive capabilities of the ERP system those are required to analyze the current and historical data are also eventually illustrated. Analytics decision management and different business rules are used to identify the risks of the ERP system. Though paper elaborated the risks but how to mitigate those risks is not clearly stated by the author. Resource 2.1.3: Chang, B., Kuo, C., Wu, C.H. Tzeng, G.H. 2015. Using fuzzy analytic network process to assess the risks in enterprise resource planning system implementationApplied Soft Computing,28, pp.196-207 Discussion This article focuses on identifying different risks levels for both the inter-organizational and intra-organizational culture while implementing ERP in the businesses. A research has been conducted to identify the potential risks of ERP system while it is using Fuzzy analytics network processes. The result of the research work implies that the main risk of ERP system is lack of support and involvement of the project team members in the planning phase. In order to identify the risks while implementing ERP in businesses Fuzzy Analytics Network Process (FANP) method is used by the organization. It reflects the crucial necessity of involvement of risk identification while implementing ERP system in businesses. The support of top level management authority are also elaborated I this paper. The final conclusion of this paper implies ways through which the enterprises have decreased the level of ERP risks by enhancing the culture among the enterprises. Resource 2.1.4: Bharathi, V., Raman, R. Pramod, D., 2014. A FPN Based Risk Assessment Model for ERP Implementation in Small and Medium Enterprises Discussion The paper is focuses on the risk assessment models with the help of selecting certain significant issues that have been raised in small to medium enterprises. The impacts of risks, which lead to ERP implementation failure, are also illustrated. In the visual basic application, this risks assessment model is used as an analytical tool for both the medium and large business organizations. While developing an ERP in enterprises, the implementation of risk assessment model is found to be very much necessary. The paper discussed all the five phases of risk model development. Quantitative data collection method is used to collect data from different survey questions. From previous studies, the risk assessment model is developed. The paper reflects that the risk assessment of ERP is dependent on the concept and business application of Fuzzy Petri Net (FPN). In order to mitigate the risks, how the SMEs are using this model is critically developed in this paper. After analyzing all the risk identification resources it has been found that, the qualitative determination of risks are one of the most important factors that is needed to be considered before implementing any process within the business organization. It will help to understand the potential impact of risk and how it might affect both the financial and strategic objectives of the business organization. Risk analysis and risk evaluation Resource 2.2 1 Chen, J., Hu, S. Xie, X., 2014. Risk evaluation model building of logistics financial business for the bank and empirical research.BioTechnology: An Indian Journal,10(9). Discussion For logistics financial businesses for different banking sector, the risk evaluation and risk analysis processes are elaborated in this article. The asymmetry between the banking domain and enterprises are also illustrated in this paper. Depending on the business study, it has been found that the logistics financial risk indicator and the index system from the pledge risks and the financial risk that support a large set of project risk assessment is elaborated in this paper with the help of fuzzy mathematics theory. Analytic hierarchy process or method is used by the developers to improve the supply chain management approach of the enterprises. Based on the severity and probability, the risks that have been identified for different organizations are plotted in the graphical risk management framework for its evaluation and analysis. The feasibility of the model is also illustrated to understand, how the business can achieve its goal without any error. Resource 2.2 2: Liu, H.C., Liu, L. Liu, N., 2013. Risk evaluation approaches in failure mode and effects analysis: A literature review.Expert systems with applications,40(2), pp.828-838. Discussion The failure mode and effects analysis is a risk assessment tool that is used to mitigate potential failure are elaborated in this paper. If the risk assessment process fails to meet the actual requirement or the approaches appropriately then, it will affect the entire business process. The literature those are published between 1992 and 2012 on FMEA, using classification framework are also elaborated in this paper. Even, future research direction is also illustrated in this paper. A classification framework is designed and the necessary short come and other different popular approaches are also illustrated in this paper. The traditional risk priority number method is used by the developers to analyze and evaluate different risk. The paper reflects on the main shortcomings, te most popular approaches and insufficiency in that approaches. Though the potential failure modes are identified but it fails to provide the mitigation approaches and the review of this academic works are not described. Resource 2.2 3: Chang, V. 2014. The business intelligence as a service in the cloud.Future Generation Computer Systems,37, pp.512-534. Discussion This paper elaborates different risks that are associated to business intelligence. The risk management process is referred to as one of the mist important tools that are widely used by both academic and real world applications. In order to examine risks within the business organizations, the first type business intelligence as a service using three different application programming interface, for simulate the histon model in elaborated in this paper. The improvement of performance over the desktop, considering the maintenance accuracy and investment analysis are also illustrated in this paper. In order to increase the risk management approaches different application business intelligence tools are illustrated in this paper. While constructing a project for any business organization it is necessary to consider the risks that might occur during the planning and implementation phase. With the help of proper business intelligence tools, previously determined issues of the business can be mitigated easily, is also illustrated in this paper. Resource 2.2 4: Oliveira, T., Thomas, M. and Espadanal, M., 2014. Assessing the determinants of cloud computing adoption: An analysis of the manufacturing and services sectors.Information Management,51(5), pp.497-510. Discussion This paper elaborates the importance of adapting risk analysis and risk evaluation tools that are necessary to mitigate the risks of cloud computing. Different factors are identified, while adapting the cloud computing in the business organizations. Though, before final implementation of the cloud computing technology in service and manufacturing sector, the systematic evaluation phases are evaluated in this paper. In addition to this, the determinants of cloud computing adaptation are also investigated here. The way through which the organizations are systematically using and evaluating the factors of cloud computing are determined in this report. A research model is developed for business organizations to develop the technical organization environment. The paper has successfully elaborated the diffusion of innovation, and the data required to evaluate the model are collected from 369 firms in Portugal after testing relevant hypothesis. After conducting a study on different literatures of risk analysis and evaluation it has been found that, once an enterprise successfully identifies the risks, the potential impact of those risks are needed to be accessed by the business organization. Based on the level of intensity, the enterprises must separate the risks into major and minor risks. The level o risk can be calculated from the below formulae: Risk level= Consequence X likelihood. Recommendations In order to mitigate the identified challenges or risks of in-house mold manufacturing project certain recommendations rather suggestions are provided. The recommendations over the identified risks are as follows: Training and development program: It has been found that Omar Jibran engineering industry does not have enough well trained employees in their project development team. In order to get commercial benefits from the competitive marketplace the organization should arrange schedule for proper training and development program. With the help of training and development programs the employees will be able to get commercial profit. Also with advanced training program the employees will be able to think critically. Technical development: The traditional manufacturing process served by Omar Jibran engineering is very much old fashioned. Technical development is needed to be adapted by the business organization to improve its existing process. Risk management: In order to mitigate all the issues from the core business area the management team of Omar Jibran engineering should consider different security measure of risk management framework. After considering the risk management framework, the company will be able to mitigate the risks efficiently. Biodegradability: As in the process of in-house mold manufacturing technique the plastics are melted in the liquid forms and then again as per the consumer requirements, the liquids are used to fill different shapes. As, plastic is referred to as a harmful product for the environment thus the company should use biodegradable plastics in their production approach. It will decrease the rate of harm. Recycle: Traditional plastics cannot be recycled thus these are not at all eco-friendly. Therefore, Omar Jibran engineering should use those plastics those can be recycled. Longevity: The quality of the products in terms of longevity and quantity is required to be incases to grab high number of consumers throughout. If the product longevity increases then, it will help the organization to increase the revenue. Temperature resistance: In high temperature plastic products can be melted. In order to reduce the rate of this issue, the feature of temperature resistance is one of the major measured which is required to be adapted. It will help the organization to gain competitive advantages from the marketplace. Apart from this, for the increased temperature, the longevity of the product will also increase. Suitable qualified local workforce: In order to mitigate the challenges related to the employees of Omar Jibran engineering, the company should hire expert project team members. In order to gain sustainable growth from the business, the in-house mold manufacturing mold project has been considered. From the reviews of risk management process, it is necessary to identify the probability and impact of risks and bad on that the risk management matrix is required to be plotted. Implementation of security and privacy: In order to gain sustainable business growth, security and privacy are the main measures that are required to be considered for any business organization. The confidential data of the employees and of the company are stored in the data warehouse. That server is required to be secured from the external attackers. In order to keep the data security proper encryption algorithm should be adapted. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that Omar Jibran engineering company has adapted systematic risk management strategies to mitigate the challenges that have been identified during the evaluation of the in-house mold manufacturing project. From the previous study or from the literature review it has been found that based on the type of business practices, different organizations uses different tools and techniques for risk identification. Not only in identifying risks but also for risk analysis and evaluation different tools are techniques are unanimously used by the business organizations. Though the report has mentioned the key tools of risks identification and the research methodologies in terms of qualitative and quantitative but still, the processes of risk management are argued by different authors. Based on the impact of the risks, the risk management framework is also mentioned in this report. References Borges, A.F., Alvesb, F., Silva, C., Coelho, J.F., Simes, S. Bluepharma, I.F., 2015. Orodispersible films (ODFs): overall analysis with a multivariate Chemometric approach.Development of novel pharmaceutical forms for oral administration of bioactive agents, p.101. Ding, D.K., Tse, Y. Williams, M.R., 2014. 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